Effects with Image Magick
Some immediate effects taken from the docs.
Such an approach can be used to set lockscreens by simply taking a screenshot, using one of the effects and then using a lock manager like i3-lock which can use an image to set as lock background. Do note that the image magick commands below can take upto 2 seconds to run, so such a delay may not always be acceptable.
1. Blur
convert <source.png> -blur 0x4 <output.png>
2. Frosted glass
convert <source.png> -interpolate nearest -virtual-pixel mirror -spread 5 <output.png>
3. Paint
convert <source.png> -paint <level> <output.png>
4. Charcoal
convert <source.png> -charcoal <level> <output.png>